Миграция и память: как африканская диаспора переосмысливает понятие дома

Africa When home becomes a journey: migration, memory, and the African diaspora People carry pieces of previous lives wherever they go Sometimes I wonder whether home is a place or a feeling. I have lived in places where I never imagined I would stay. I have crossed borders I never expected to cross and spent years in refugee communities where people wake up each morning wondering what the future will bring. I have known Kakuma Refugee Camp in Kenya, spent time in Zambia and South Africa, and now live in Gorom Refugee Settlement in South Sudan. So, when I think about migration, I don’t think first about passports, borders, statistics, or immigration offices. I think about people. I think about the mother who leaves everything behind because she wants her children to survive. I think about the young person crossing a border with little more than a phone, a few clothes, and memories of a life that may no longer exist. I think about the refugee who has spent years waiting for a durable solution and still doesn’t know where they will eventually call home. Migration is often described simply as movement from one place to another. But sometimes it is much more than that. It can mean leaving behind a version of yourself. Africa has always been moving Africa’s migration story did not begin with modern refugee camps or today’s international borders. People have moved across this continent for generations. They have followed trade routes, searched for pasture and water, moved for marriage, education and employment, escaped conflict, and built new communities elsewhere. Migration has always been part of African life. Today, people move for many different reasons. Some flee war and political instability. Others escape persecution or discrimination. Some leave because they cannot find work or see a future for themselves. Others migrate to study, find employment, start businesses, join family members or simply seek new opportunities. There is an important distinction here. Not every African migrant is a refugee. A refugee is someone forced to leave because returning home is unsafe. An asylum seeker is someone seeking protection and waiting for a decision on their claim. Exile can mean living away from one’s homeland, sometimes unwillingly. The diaspora is broader still: it includes people of African origin living outside their country or continent, whether they left by choice or were forced to leave. These words matter because behind each one is a human story. When leaving is not a choice I know what it means when leaving is no longer a choice. Forced displacement takes something from you that is difficult to explain. You may still have your memories, your language and perhaps a few possessions, but the ordinary things that once made life predictable can disappear. You begin again. Sometimes you begin again in another country. Sometimes you begin again in a refugee camp. My experiences in Kakuma taught me that displacement does not necessarily end when you cross a border and reach somewhere safer. The uncertainty can continue for years. Now, in Gorom Refugee Settlement, I see that uncertainty in the lives of people around me. Mothers worry about food and the health of their children. Young people wonder whether they will return to education. Others wait for resettlement or another safe pathway while trying to build a life with very limited resources. There is a strange feeling in waiting. You are physically present somewhere, but mentally you may still be traveling towards a future you cannot see. What happens to identity? One of the hardest questions migration raises is: Who am I when I am no longer where I came from? A person can cross a border in a few hours. Identity doesn’t move that quickly. You carry your accent. You carry your food. You carry your mother’s stories. You carry songs you heard as a child. You carry the names of people who may never know where you ended up. You carry memories. And sometimes you carry pain. I have met people who have lived in several countries and can no longer give a simple answer when asked where they are from. They may have been born in one country, grown up in another, lived in a refugee settlement somewhere else and now dream of resettling in a fourth. Does that make them less African? I don’t think so. Perhaps it makes their identity larger. Carrying Africa across borders The African diaspora is sometimes discussed as though it were simply a population scattered around the world. I see it differently. People carry pieces of home wherever they go. An African family living in Australia, Canada, Britain, the United States, or elsewhere may still cook the food they grew up eating. They may speak their mother tongue at home, send money to relatives, listen to African music, support community projects and remain closely connected to events thousands of miles away. Migration doesn’t necessarily erase belonging. Sometimes it creates several belongings at once. The diaspora also contributes enormously to communities back home. Remittances help families pay school fees, buy food, build houses, access healthcare and start businesses. Migrants also carry knowledge, professional experience, ideas and connections that can benefit communities across borders. A person may leave Africa physically and still spend much of their life contributing to Africa. That matters. The price of being a migrant But migration has another side. Not every new country means a new beginning. For some migrants, the journey leads to racism, xenophobia, exploitation, or discrimination. People can be judged because of their nationality, accent, skin color, immigration status or refugee identity. Others discover that qualifications earned at home are not recognized. A professional becomes a cleaner. A teacher struggles to find work. A skilled worker is told to start again. There is nothing wrong with honest work. The problem begins when someone’s dignity is reduced because they are a migrant. For refugees, bureaucracy can become another form of suffering. A person can become a case number, waiting months or years for interviews, decisions, relocation opportunities, or family reunification. But life doesn’t stop while the paperwork continues. Children grow older, parents become sick, people lose loved ones, birthdays come and go and still the waiting continues. I sometimes wonder whether the people making decisions about migration fully understand how heavy that waiting can become for someone sitting on the other side of the process. Women, children, and LGBTQ refugees Migration does not affect everyone in the same way. Women often carry enormous responsibilities after displacement. They may become the main providers for their children while dealing with their own trauma and uncertainty. Children experience displacement differently. They may not fully understand why they had to leave home, but they understand the absence of familiar faces, schools and routines. Young people face another difficult question: how do you plan a future when you don’t know which country you will be living in? For LGBTQ refugees, the journey can be even more complicated. Some leave because the place where they were born no longer feels safe for them. They may have experienced rejection, threats, violence or discrimination before they ever reached a refugee settlement. And yet, even in such circumstances, people create community. In Gorom, LGBTQ refugees and asylum seekers come from different African countries and backgrounds. We don’t always agree on everything. But we understand something important: when the world has already made you feel unwanted, having people around you who understand your experience can mean everything. Community can become another form of home. Should borders decide our worth? I understand why countries have borders. Countries have laws and responsibilities. But I sometimes ask myself a simpler question: Should crossing a border change the value of a human life? A child doesn’t become less deserving of food because they were born on the other side of a political boundary. A mother doesn’t become less worthy of safety because she crossed without the right document. A refugee doesn’t stop being a human being while waiting for an immigration decision. From a Humanist perspective, this seems straightforward to me. Human dignity should not depend on nationality. We can have immigration systems and still treat migrants with compassion. We can protect borders without forgetting that the people standing behind those borders are human beings. We can disagree about migration policy without dehumanizing migrants. That balance isn’t easy. But perhaps that is exactly why we need more humanity in conversations about migration. What does home mean now? I have asked myself this question many times: Where is home? Is it where I was born? Where I first felt safe? Where my memories live? Or perhaps home isn’t always a geographical location. Maybe home can be the people who stand beside you. Maybe it is the language you speak when you are emotional. Maybe it is the smell of food that takes you back to childhood. Maybe, after so much has been taken away, home becomes something you slowly rebuild. My birthday falls on Sept. 12. Birthdays usually invite us to think about another year of life. But for someone who has experienced displacement, another birthday can mean something deeper. It means I made it through another year. I am still here. And I think about the many refugees who don’t know whether they will be safe long enough to celebrate their next birthday. I think about children growing up in camps who deserve to celebrate their birthdays in a home they can call their own. That thought stays with me. We are more than where we come from Migration has taught me that people cannot be reduced to the countries printed on their passports. We are our memories, our relationships, our struggles, our dreams, and our choices. Africa’s diaspora is not simply a story of people leaving Africa. It is also a story of people carrying Africa with them. And the refugee experience is not simply a story of loss. It is also a story of survival. I don’t know where my own journey will eventually take me. Perhaps that is one of the things migration teaches us: we can make plans, but life sometimes writes a different story. What I do know is that every person deserves the chance to live without fear, to love without persecution, to work with dignity, to raise children safely and to imagine a future. Borders may separate countries. They should never separate us from our humanity. If migration has taught me anything, it is that home is not always the place we left behind. Sometimes home is the safe place we are still searching for. And sometimes, while searching, we become one another’s home. Egypt Egyptian authorities refuse to allow gay cruise to dock in country Scarlet Lady earlier this week blocked from visiting Turkey Egyptian authorities have refused to allow a gay cruise to dock in the country. The Scarlet Lady, a Virgin Voyages ship that Atlantis Events chartered, was to have docked in Alexandria, a port city on the Mediterranean Sea. The Washington Blade obtained a letter that Atlantis Events President Rich Campbell sent to passengers on Thursday, hours before the cruise was to have arrived. “Early this morning, we were informed that Scarlet Lady has been denied entry into Egyptian waters and, as a result, will no longer be able to call in Alexandria today,” he wrote. “I know how much this visit meant to so many of you,” added Campbell. “We successfully sailed a similar itinerary last year, so we were surprised by this unfortunate decision.” Campbell noted “both the Atlantis and Virgin Voyages teams worked tirelessly to make this call in Alexandria a possibility.” “This news came as a surprise to all of us, and we’re just as disappointed as you are,” he said. The 10-day cruise left Athens on July 5. It is scheduled to end in Trieste, Italy, on July 15. The ship had been scheduled to dock in Kusadasi, a Turkish resort town on the Aegean Sea, and Istanbul earlier this week. Turkish authorities refused to allow it in the country. Former Tempe, Ariz., Mayor Neil Giuliano, who is an LGBTQ+ Victory Institute board member, is among those on the cruise. “Just a few hours before arriving in Alexandria, Egypt — a city founded by and named for one of the ancient world’s best-known homosexuals — government authorities rescinded permission for our ship of 2,000 gay men to enter Egypt,” wrote Steve May, who is also on the ship, on Thursday in a Facebook post. Alexander the Great founded Alexandria in 331 B.C. “As with Turkey, we have been sent away not because of what we did, but because of who we said we are,” said May. “‘I am what I am’ is too much liberty for some to bear. So it was in the United States as well not long ago, where even I ended up as a convicted homosexual after a military trial in 2001 for saying ‘I am gay.’ This is just a reminder that for all the progress we have made, our freedom is never secure — for any of us, regardless of who or how we love. Back to Europe!” Discrimination and persecution based on sexual orientation and gender identity is commonplace in Egypt. The Egyptian Football Association, along with the Football Federation Islamic Republic of Iran, objected to playing in the World Cup’s “Pride Match” that took place in Seattle on June 26. Iran and Egypt on Friday faced off during the World Cup’s “Pride Match” in Seattle. Iran is among the handful of countries in which consensual same-sex sexual relations remain punishable by death. Discrimination and persecution based on sexual orientation and gender identity is commonplace in Egypt. Friday’s match coincided with Pride weekend in Seattle. The Egyptian Football Association and the Football Federation Islamic Republic of Iran both objected to playing in the “Pride Match.” Egypt and Iran tied 1-1. FIFA, for its part, allowed Pride flags inside the stadium during the match. “The FIFA World Cup 2026 is an inclusive event that welcomes people from all backgrounds,” a FIFA spokesperson told the Washington Blade in a statement. “Fans of all sexual orientations and gender identities are welcome at matches and events. General statements of human rights, including rainbow flags and other flags representing sexual orientation and gender identity, are permitted under the FIFA World Cup 2026™ Stadium Code of Conduct and may be displayed inside stadiums provided they are used in a manner consistent with the code.” Human Rights Watch welcomed FIFA’s decision to allow Pride flags inside the stadium. Outright International, a global LGBTQ and intersex rights group, distributed Pride flags in Seattle on Friday, which was Pride Match Day. “Visibility matters,” said Outright International Executive Director Maria Sjödin. “Pride is now being celebrated in more than 100 countries, including this weekend in Seattle. For many LGBTIQ people, seeing a Pride flag in public is a reminder that they are not alone, and that their rights and dignity are recognized.” FIFA President Gianni Infantino earlier this year told Die Weltwoche, a Swiss magazine, that “there will be no ‘Pride Match’ at the (FIFA) World Cup.” “There will be a FIFA World Cup match in Seattle, and on the same day, events organized by external organizations will be taking place in the city,” said Infantino. “But that has nothing to do with the match itself.” Peter Tatchell, a long-time LGBTQ activist from the U.K. who is director of the Peter Tatchell Foundation, was among those who traveled to Seattle for Friday’s match. Tatchell accused FIFA of not vetting World Cup teams — specifically Iran, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Ghana, Senegal, Qatar, Tunisia, Morocco, Iraq, Uzbekistan, and Algeria — over whether they would allow gay players. “FIFA is protecting LGBT+ visibility in the stands while failing to protect LGBT+ players on the pitch,” said Tatchell. South Africa White House to end PEPFAR funding for South Africa State Department says country failed to respond to 2025 executive order demands The Trump-Vance administration will end PEPFAR funding for South Africa. A State Department spokesperson on Wednesday told the Washington Blade the State Department “will begin a phased drawdown of PEPFAR programming in South Africa, with most programs ending by Sept. 30, 2026, and critical personnel support continuing through March 31, 2027.” Semafor last week reported South Africa has received more than $8 billion in PEPFAR funding since President George W. Bush created the program to combat the global HIV/AIDS pandemic in 2003. President Donald Trump on Feb. 7, 2025, issued an executive order that addressed what it described as “egregious actions of the Republic of South Africa.” The State Department spokesperson with whom the Blade spoke noted the directive included five specific requests: • South African government provides exemptions or alternatives for U.S. companies to Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment laws and other race-based mandates. • Senior government officials (e.g., president, deputy president, or minister of justice) unequivocally condemn all race-based incitement to violence, including the “Kill the Boer” song, more frequently. • The South African government prevents the implementation of measures that would allow expropriation without fair compensation and due process under the Expropriation Act of 2024. • South African Police Service designates rural crime a “priority crime” and increases resources dedicated to high-crime rural areas. • South Africa refrains from actions that would significantly interfere with the implementation of the refugee program, within the confines of South African law. “The United States communicated to the government of the Republic of South Africa multiple times at many levels that PEPFAR funding was likely to be terminated in the absence of progress on the five asks,” said the State Department spokesperson. The State Department spokesperson further noted South Africa is “one of the largest economies in sub-Saharan Africa” and “has funded the vast majority of its own HIV response, estimated at 76 percent of the total, including procurement of all treatment commodities.” “South Africa will continue to be supported by the Global Fund, including for the introduction and scale up of lenacapavir through Global Fund Resources,” the spokesperson told the Blade. Lenacapavir is groundbreaking HIV prevention drug that users inject twice a year. Eswatini, which borders South Africa, is among the African countries that have received doses of the drug through PEPFAR. HIV/AIDS service organizations in the U.S. and around the world have sharply criticized the Trump-Vance administration over plans to not fully fund PEPFAR and to cut domestic HIV/AIDS funding. Secretary of State Marco Rubio shortly after the current White House took office issued a waiver that allowed PEPFAR and other “life-saving humanitarian assistance” programs to continue to operate during a freeze on nearly all U.S. foreign aid spending. HIV/AIDS service providers around the world with whom the Blade has spoken say PEPFAR cuts and the loss of funding from the U.S. Agency for International Development, which officially closed on July 1, 2025, has severely impacted their work.