Исследование подтверждает: имена политиков с мягким звучанием повышают доверие граждан

Trusting Stereotypes The Sounds of Trust: The Bouba–Kiki Effect in Political Leaders' Names Caroline Perrin & Laurent Weill Kyklos, forthcoming Abstract: Prior research has found evidence for the bouba–kiki effect according to which individuals associate sounds related to “bouba” and “kiki” with shapes and feelings. Using individual data from the World Values Survey, we investigate whether political leaders with names that sound “bouba” or “kiki” are associated with higher or lower trust. We first test whether the phonetic profile of organizational names is associated with trust. We find that organizations with “bouba” names are perceived as more trustworthy, whereas no consistent pattern emerges for “kiki” names. Building on this result, we examine whether the same sound symbolism extends to leaders' names. We find that individuals are more likely to trust governments led by political leaders with “bouba” names. This extends research on sound symbolism into political economy, highlighting the association between phonetic impressions and perceptions of political leaders. How the #MeToo Movement Has Reshaped Gender Dynamics in the Marketplace: Evidence from the Entertainment Industry Chi Tran, Nooshin Warren & Joshua Beck Journal of Marketing, forthcoming Abstract: #MeToo is one of the most influential social movements of recent decades, yet its marketplace effects remain underexplored. The authors investigate how #MeToo reshaped both consumer responses to gender portrayals and short-run content change in the U.S. entertainment industry. Drawing on social role theory, social movement framing and consumer behavior research, they analyze a unique data set of 1,523 top-grossing films released between 2010 and 2023. Using artificial intelligence–assisted content analysis validated by human coders and supplemented with text analysis of 334,917 crowdsourced movie keywords, the authors measure portrayals of sexual misconduct, female objectification, and stereotypical and counter-stereotypical gender roles. The findings show little evidence of meaningful short-run content change following #MeToo. While audiences penalize films featuring problematic behaviors targeted by the movement, they have enduring preferences for traditional gender roles, showing resistance to counter-stereotypical male portrayals while only selectively embracing counter-stereotypical female representations. These findings reveal the complex and uneven ways the #MeToo movement reshaped marketplace behavior, and they provide implications for entertainment firms, marketers and social movement organizers navigating changing cultural norms. Does Testosterone Affect Cognitive Reflection? Evidence From a Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Study of 1,000 Participants Erik Knight et al. Psychological Science, July 2026, Pages 463-476 Abstract: The cognitive reflection test (CRT) measures reliance on intuitive thinking versus deliberate reasoning and predicts important real-world outcomes. Prior research has suggested that testosterone administration impaired CRT performance, but follow-up studies produced null results. To provide a rigorous test, we conducted a large, preregistered, double-blind, placebo-controlled experiment, unprecedented in size, with 1,000 adult men, as part of an adversarial collaboration. Participants received a single dose of intranasal testosterone or placebo, completed the CRT, and rated their confidence level. We found an insignificant treatment effect on the CRT, with the point estimate in the opposite direction of the original hypothesis (βLOGIT = 0.118, 95% confidence interval (CI) = [−0.099, 0.335]). In a second primary test, we found a significant negative treatment effect on confidence (βLOGIT = −0.329, 95% CI = [−0.558, −0.100]), which is also the opposite of our prediction. Our findings challenge earlier claims about testosterone’s cognitive effects and highlight the importance of high-powered replications. Long-term or developmental testosterone effects remain potentially important but difficult to study. The Gender Gap on the Socio-cultural Cleavage Liesbet Hooghe et al. University of North Carolina Working Paper, April 2026 Abstract: This paper explains the contemporary gender gap in voting as a life-course outcome of gendered sorting in education and work. Drawing on social role theory, we argue that the gender gap is linked to the division of labor in which women and men disproportionately enter different fields of study and occupational environments. We test the effect of socialization in education and work using cross-national surveys and longitudinal panels. Sequential mediation analysis shows that differences in educational and occupational field account for a substantial share of the gender gap in voting on the socio-cultural cleavage. Within-person panel estimates indicate that entering higher education, especially into fields with high cultural-communicative content, is followed by shifts toward socio-liberal or GAL/Green support. Gendered pathways through education and employment help to translate contrasting roles in the division of labor into the contemporary gender gap. Beyond Text: Using AI-Generated Visual Conjoints to Study Gender and Housework Attribution Léa Pessin & Kevin Munger Sociological Science, June 2026 Abstract: Despite substantial gender convergence in education and employment, women continue to perform a disproportionate share of housework. We employ a novel visual conjoint experiment to isolate the normative mechanisms underlying this persistent inequality. Using AI-generated photorealistic images, we systematically vary the tidiness of domestic spaces, room type, source of mess, socioeconomic status, and the gender and race/ethnicity of occupants, alongside text describing couples’ employment arrangements. A quota sample of 2,994 U.S. respondents each evaluated five vignettes, yielding 14,970 observations. We find that gender effects operate primarily through responsibility attribution rather than through differential perception of messiness or anticipated social judgment. Women are assigned significantly more cleaning responsibility than men, with the gender penalty concentrated among dual-earner couples. Child-caused mess is perceived as messier than adult-caused mess yet carries reduced social consequences, suggesting that it operates as a legitimating excuse. Our findings suggest that gender equality in paid work is necessary for achieving gender equality in housework, but that it is not sufficient, and that this gap will persist absent changes in normative expectations around responsibility for housework. Stereotypes and Discrimination Toward Weight Loss Injection Users Philipp Sprengholz & Maike Klöckner Journal of Applied Social Psychology, July 2026, Pages 528-537 Methods: Across three quota-representative online studies with UK adults, we assessed perceptions of warmth and competence, behavioral discrimination, and potential explanatory mechanisms. Study 1 (N = 300) compared evaluations of four groups differing in weight status and weight loss methods. Study 2 (N = 301) experimentally manipulated weight loss method (injections vs. diet and exercise) and tested the roles of fairness and healthiness perceptions, as well as behavioral discrimination using a dictator game. Study 3 (N = 201) evaluated whether communicating the fairness and healthiness of injections could improve user evaluations. Results: Weight loss injection users were perceived as more competent than individuals with overweight, but less warm and competent than normal-weight people or those losing weight through diet and exercise. Discrimination manifested behaviorally, with participants allocating less money to injection users. Fairness perceptions predicted warmth, while healthiness perceptions predicted competence. Importantly, providing corrective information about the fairness and healthiness of injections enhanced warmth and competence ratings and reduced discriminatory behavior. Challenging Prevailing Stereotypes About Gender Differences in Health Reporting: Evidence Using Biomarker Data From the Health and Retirement Study Anna Oksuzyan et al. Demography, June 2026, Pages 955-977 Abstract: Research aiming to understand whether men and women rate the same levels of health differently has been inconclusive. One reason may be that studies estimating gender differences in health reporting often rely on other self-reported measures, which can be plagued by biases. Leveraging data from the 2016 Health and Retirement Study and the Venous Blood Study supplement, we investigate whether using biomarkers to account for reporting heterogeneity between women and men modifies gender differences in self-rated health. We also examine whether gender-specific patterns in health reporting vary across race and ethnicity. We find no evidence of gender differences in how optimistically or pessimistically individuals rate their health. Instead, health reporting appears to be age dependent, with younger men and women having pessimistic and older individuals having optimistic evaluations of health. Consistent with other studies, Hispanic persons appear to have pessimistic evaluations of their health, whereas Black women are more optimistic than White individuals (and all other groups). Our results add to research contesting traditional views that women overreport and men underreport health problems and highlight diversity in gender differences in health reporting across racial and ethnic groups.