Психологи призывают заменить слепую позитивность на надежду как более эффективный инструмент преодоления трудностей

I watched the World Cup quarter-final on Saturday night and whooped and groaned along with everyone else. I’m not really a football fan, but I love the light-hearted exercise in collective expectation. Nothing quite captures England’s cry of ‘it’s coming home’, and the belting out of Wonderwall across the stadium. And like everyone else, I’ll be crossing my fingers and practising my positive thinking for Wednesday’s match. Not that I attach much weight to positive thinking. People grant it a power that far exceeds its reach, and contrary to popular belief, it is a fairly recent ‘invention’. It gained ground with the New Thought Movement of the 1860s, and was popularised by Norman Vincent Peale’s 1952 book, The Power of Positive Thinking. By the late 20th century, it had become a formidable and highly profitable industry. Today, its mandatory optimism is everywhere, with self-help books encouraging us to avoid ‘negative’ people and suppress emotions such as grief and fear. The problem with positive thinking is its over-simplification. True, it can help improve confidence and reduce stress; it might even help develop perseverance. But problems arise when it moves from a focus on favourable outcomes to becoming an ideology that denies reality. I remember my aunt giving me Peale’s book to read as a teenager and being seduced by his claim that all I needed for personal success were positive thoughts and a cheerful mindset. With the right mental exercises, I could manifest my dreams. Except that proved not to be the case, and the diagnosis was far from helpful. Why couldn’t I manifest my dreams? Because I didn’t dream hard enough, or think positively enough, or practise fervently enough? Negative events were the result of wrong thoughts. The result? Cycles of self-blame. The Law of Attraction takes the ideas even further. It claims that thoughts emit vibrations that attract corresponding experiences from the universe. But this is scientifically flawed. It also denies the external factors that shape our lives: economic conditions, health, family circumstances, discrimination, education, luck, and opportunity. Suggesting that we attract cancer, poverty, or abuse through our thoughts is not only unsupported, it is also deeply unfair. This is why many scholars call it ‘cruel optimism’. Hope is altogether different. It begins where optimism ends. If optimism is the confident expectation that things will go well, then hope recognises our doubts and fears in the face of cold actuality. If optimism puts a positive spin on things, hope refuses to wear rose-coloured spectacles. Rather than forcing us to find the good in every situation, hope recognises the difficulties ahead and gives us reasons to move on. It doesn’t require certainty. It thrives precisely because life is uncertain. It is both the belief that our goals are possible and the willingness to change direction when obstacles arise. And this is a crucial difference – hope inspires us to act while the Law of Attraction alone is just wishful thinking and nothing much else. Research in psychology shows that hopeful individuals are more resilient because they adapt when their plans fail. Rather than assuming success is guaranteed, they prepare for setbacks and develop alternative strategies. They understand that persistence and effort matter more than magical thinking. I’m not saying that optimism has no value. Far from it. Optimism can be motivational and improve our mental health but only when it is rooted in reality. The danger is when it becomes detached from evidence and becomes an ideology; worse yet, when it silences honest conversations. When you’re told to ‘stay positive’ at all costs, you have no outlet to express your anxiety or frustration, and this is a denial of reality. Life is shaped by a combination of personal choices, relationships, opportunity, and chance. We influence our futures through what we do far more than through what we think. Our attitudes matter because they affect our decisions and interactions with others – not because they possess mystical powers over the universe. That’s why it is a healthier alternative. It believes that meaningful action is still possible even when life is hard. It allows space for our fears and uncertainty, while maintaining confidence that our future can get better. For many, of course, hope is also a religious concept and as such it is inherently relational and communal; it is where the individual and the Divine meet in the complexities of our world. But you don’t need to be religious to see the communal power of hope. It brings people together who will walk the hard path of courage with you. It’s about holding hands, not dictating how you should think.