Скука заставляет откладывать дела: новое исследование объясняет, почему рутинные задачи исчезают из памяти

The tasks most likely to slip through the cracks are often not the hardest. They are the dull ones: filling out a form, returning a routine message, buying one unremarkable item, or completing an administrative chore whose reward is simply no longer having to think about it. A new diary study suggests that boredom is part of this pattern. When people expected a task to be boring, they were more likely to postpone it, and postponed intentions were less likely to be completed. Psychologists describe remembering to carry out a future plan as prospective memory. This is one observational study, not proof that boredom causes forgetting. It did not manipulate boredom, and it could not establish that every unfinished task had literally vanished from memory. The more defensible finding is that boring intentions were associated with delay and non-completion, with procrastination explaining much of the link. A month inside people’s real to-do lists The study, published in Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, followed 102 adults in Switzerland for 30 days. Participants ranged from 19 to 62, although all were distance-learning psychology students and 84 were women. Many combined their studies with regular employment. Rather than assigning artificial laboratory chores, researchers asked participants to record their own plans in a smartphone diary. During two five-day periods, each person listed specific, non-routine intentions for the following day. Examples included buying bread, making a call, attending an appointment, paying a bill, exercising, or completing a work task. Participants rated how boring they expected each intention to be and how likely they were to procrastinate. The following evening, the app showed them the plan again and asked whether they had completed it. During the day, they could not reopen the study diary to use it as a reminder. The researchers also examined longer plans. At the beginning of the first week, participants listed five intentions they meant to complete during the third week, creating a delay of about two weeks. Trait questionnaires measured whether people were generally prone to boredom, procrastination, and prospective-memory failures. Boring plans were more likely to be postponed For next-day intentions, plans rated as more boring were less likely to be accomplished. Part of that association was direct in the primary model, and part ran through procrastination. More boring tasks were linked with a stronger expectation of postponing them; that expectation was associated with observed delay, which in turn predicted non-completion. When the researchers separated anticipated procrastination from actual delay, the direct statistical link between boredom and completion was no longer clear. The indirect pathway remained: boredom was associated with expecting to procrastinate, then with waiting longer, and finally with a lower chance of finishing. For intentions planned two weeks ahead, boredom did not have a clear direct relationship with completion when it was rated in advance. Again, its association appeared through procrastination. People tended to delay the tasks they expected to find boring, and delayed tasks were less likely to get done. This makes the study as much about self-regulation as memory. An intention can fail because it was forgotten, but it can also fail because someone remembered it and chose “later” until the opportunity disappeared. Leaving something undone is not the same as forgetting A later paper from some of the same researchers makes this distinction unusually concrete. Using the daily diaries from the same 102 participants, the team classified the stated reasons that 1,823 non-routine intentions were or were not completed. In that follow-up analysis, forgetting accounted for only about 10 to 14 percent of unfinished intentions. Most failures instead involved motivation, circumstances, changed plans, or other practical barriers. That finding does not erase the boredom result. It changes how it should be described. Boredom may make a plan vulnerable by encouraging delay, but a missed task is not automatically evidence that the memory itself disappeared. Prospective memory contains several stages. A person must form the intention, retain it, notice the right moment or cue, retrieve what they meant to do, and then act. Failure at the final step can look identical from the outside to failure at the memory stage. ScienceBlog has previously covered another way that gap can mislead us: people can sometimes misremember an intention as an action already completed. Together, the studies show why “I didn’t do it” is not a single psychological event. The problem may lie in remembering, deciding, timing, or acting. What earlier laboratory work adds The new diary study was designed to capture ordinary life, but laboratory work offers a different piece of the picture. A 2022 study used a monotonous human-computer task and EEG recordings to examine boredom and prospective memory. In that small experiment involving 28 participants, patterns of parietal brain activity were linked with prospective-memory performance, consistent with a role for unstable attention. The full study is available through PubMed Central. That experiment provides controlled evidence that boredom and attention can interact during an intention task, but its tiny sample and specialized setup cannot establish what happens across a month of bills, calls, shopping, and work. The diary study is more naturalistic but less able to determine cause. The two approaches complement each other without resolving the question. Why the wording matters The 30-day study relied heavily on self-report. Participants judged their own boredom and procrastination, reported whether tasks were finished, and sometimes rated experiences after the outcome was already known. Looking back on an unfinished chore might make it seem more tedious than it felt beforehand. The authors acknowledge this possibility. The analyses were not preregistered, and boredom, delay, and completion were sometimes measured close together. The authors explicitly describe the within-day relationships as contemporaneous covariation rather than causal influence. The sample was also unusually educated and self-disciplined, limiting how confidently the results apply elsewhere. There is still a useful insight here. Boredom is not merely an empty stretch of time. It can signal that an activity feels unrewarding, meaningless, too easy, or too difficult. That feeling redirects attention toward something more engaging. When the dull activity is a future intention, the redirect often takes the form of “not now.” So boredom may contribute to the conditions in which intentions are lost, especially by making procrastination more attractive. But the study did not show that boredom literally deletes a plan from memory. More often, the path appears to run from low engagement to delay, and from delay to an opportunity that quietly closes.