Обструктивное апноэ сна и тип «жаворонок» повышают риск возрастной макулярной дегенерации

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and a morning-person chronotype are significantly associated with an increased risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), whereas short sleep, long sleep, and insomnia are not, according to results of a study published in Retina. Researchers conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis that followed PRISMA guidelines and included studies identified from 3 databases through August 12, 2025. Eligible randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and case-control studies evaluated associations between sleep dysfunction and AMD. Of 1090 initially identified articles, 22 studies were included in the systematic review, with 14 datasets included in quantitative analyses. OSA was significantly associated with a 43% higher risk of developing AMD across 7 studies (HR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.14–1.79; P <.001; I²=97%). Among studies originally reporting HRs, the association remained significant (HR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.17–2.23; P <.01; I²=98%), while studies reporting ORs similarly showed increased AMD risk (OR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.12–1.75; I²=0%). A morning-person chronotype was also significantly associated with increased odds of AMD (OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.10–1.30; P <.001; I²=0%). In contrast, neither sleep shorter than 7 hours per day (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 0.67–2.25; P >.05; I²=59%) nor sleep longer than 8 hours per day (OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.93–1.06; P >.05; I²=7%) was significantly associated with AMD. Insomnia was also not significantly associated with AMD in analyses based on either HRs (HR, 1.20; 95% CI, 0.99–1.46; P =.07; I²=88%) or ORs (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.61–1.52; I²=46%). This systematic review and meta-analysis reveal a significant association between an increased risk for AMD and sleep disorders, particularly OSA and the ‘morning person’ chronotype. Study limitations include substantial heterogeneity across studies in design, populations, diagnostic methods, and definitions of sleep duration; limited data on follow-up duration and AMD subtypes; and the small number of studies evaluating individual sleep disorders, which restricted subgroup analyses and conclusions regarding temporal or causal relationships. “This systematic review and meta-analysis reveal a significant association between an increased risk for AMD and sleep disorders, particularly OSA and the “morning person” chronotype,” according to the researchers. One study author declared affiliations with biotech, pharmaceutical, and/or device companies. Please see the original reference for a full list of authors’ disclosures. This article originally appeared on Ophthalmology Advisor