Нарушение режима питания сбивает внутренние часы клеток кишечника у мышей

TOPLINE Off-schedule eating disrupts intestinal circadian clocks in mice, offering clues to digestive and metabolic issues in humans. METHODOLOGY - Circadian misalignment, such as that experienced during night-shift work, has been linked to intestinal disorders; however, which intestinal cell types contain cell-autonomous circadian oscillators and how they synchronize with one another and with environmental day-night cycles remain poorly understood. - Researchers engineered mice whose intestinal cells glowed green when Per2, a key circadian clock gene, was active. - They tracked five major cell types in the intestinal muscle layer: enteric neurons, enteric glial cells, interstitial cells of Cajal, smooth muscle cells, and muscularis macrophages. - Because mice normally consumed about 80% of their meals at night, researchers restricted food availability to a 4-hour daytime window to force eating at abnormal times. TAKEAWAY - When mice ate on their normal nocturnal schedule, all five cell types glowed green and synchronized within a week, suggesting that each cell population had its own autonomous circadian clock that worked in harmony with the others. - When food was available only during the day, four cell types rapidly shifted their circadian rhythm to match the new feeding schedule. Enteric neurons adjusted completely within a week, followed by glial cells, smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. - Interstitial cells of Cajal resisted the change, maintaining their original rhythm and remaining out of sync with neighboring intestinal cells even after weeks of daytime-only feeding. - Because interstitial cells of Cajal play a key role in intestinal motility, their resistance to circadian adaptation could affect digestive and metabolic function, the authors hypothesized. IN PRACTICE “These findings uncover a previously unrecognized level of temporal organization within the intestine,” the authors wrote. “Given the strong links between circadian misalignment and intestinal diseases, including disorders of gut-brain interaction, this work…informs the development of circadian-based therapeutic strategies.” SOURCE Yuuki Obata, PhD, of UT Southwestern in Dallas, was the principal author of the study, which was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. LIMITATIONS This study was conducted in mice. Researchers examined only the muscle layer of the intestine because cells in deeper tissue layers were not reliably detectable. Whether the findings apply to humans is unknown. DISCLOSURES One coauthor reported being a member of the National Academy of Sciences and serving on the PNAS editorial board. No other conflicts of interest were reported. Marilynn Larkin, MA, is an award-winning medical writer and editor whose work has appeared in numerous publications, including Medscape Medical News and its sister publication MDedge, The Lancet (where she was a contributing editor), and Reuters Health.