Рекордный рост рабочей силы латиноамериканцев в США сталкивается с оттоком из-за ужесточения миграционного контроля

The U.S. Hispanic labor force climbed to roughly 34.9 million people by June 2026, edging closer to one-fifth of every worker in the country. Hispanic unemployment held at 4.8% in August 2026, higher than the national 4.1% rate but well below the 5.3% mark logged a year earlier. Close to 18 million Latino adults sat outside the labor market entirely by June 2026, as participation among Hispanic adults slipped toward 66%. Hispanic union membership reached 8.9% in 2025, a share still tied to a fight for recognition that began on a California grape ranch in 1965. Labor Day 2026 falls on Monday, September 7, and it arrives with a contradiction sitting at its center: a record-sized Hispanic workforce that keeps American kitchens, hospitals, job sites and farms running, even as a renewed push on immigration enforcement pulls a growing number of Latino adults out of that same workforce. That split screen defines the holiday for Hispanic communities this year. One story is about scale and staying power. The other is about who no longer shows up in the count at all. A Workforce Nearing 35 Million Federal labor data puts the Hispanic labor force at 34.9 million people in June 2026, based on Bureau of Labor Statistics household survey figures. That's nearly double the group's share of the workforce from three decades ago, a shift the agency has been projecting for years as Hispanic population growth and rising work-force entry outpaced every other demographic group. The freshest national snapshot, released September 4, showed employers adding 162,000 jobs in August while the nationwide jobless rate held at 4.1%. The rate for Hispanic workers came in higher, at 4.8% — up slightly from July but still a marked improvement over the 5.3% recorded in August 2025. Where August's Job Gains Landed A large share of last month's hiring flowed into industries where Latino workers are heavily represented. Restaurant and bar payrolls grew by roughly 59,000 positions, and local public-school staffing climbed by 42,000 as the new academic year began, according to the BLS employment report. Construction and hospitality have long drawn a disproportionate share of Hispanic employees nationally, so hiring swings in those sectors tend to hit Latino households before most others. From Bracero Contracts to the Vineyards of Delano That workforce has deep roots. In August 1942, the U.S. and Mexican governments signed the wartime agreement that became known as the Bracero Program, opening the door for Mexican laborers to fill farm and railroad shortages during World War II at a guaranteed baseline of 30 cents an hour. Over the program's 22-year run, laborers signed an estimated 4.6 million short-term farm agreements before it ended in 1964 — though because many workers returned on repeat contracts, the Smithsonian's own accounting puts the number of individual bracero workers closer to 2 million. Organizing then shifted from binational agreements to the grape ranches of California's Central Valley. Labor organizer Larry Itliong led Filipino American members of the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee off the grape ranches near Delano on September 8, 1965, demanding fairer pay. A week later, Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta brought their largely Mexican-American National Farm Workers Association into the fight, and the two groups eventually merged to form the United Farm Workers. The strike and its accompanying grape boycott dragged on for five years before growers gave in during July 1970, agreeing to a wage floor of $1.80 an hour with a per-box bonus, contributions to a union health plan, and new limits on pesticide exposure in the fields. Looking back on that fight, Chavez later said, "From the depth of need and despair, people can work together." A Union Legacy, Still Unevenly Built Traces of that organizing show up in today's numbers, though not evenly across groups. Hispanic workers posted a union membership rate of 8.9% in 2025, according to BLS figures released in March — just ahead of the 8.7% rate among Asian workers, but trailing the 9.9% rate for white workers and 11.4% for Black workers. Latinas have powered much of the group's broader labor-market rebound: their employment-to-population ratio rose from roughly 58% in late 2019 to nearly 59% by August 2025, per an Economic Policy Institute analysis of the pandemic-era recovery. The 2026 Undercurrent: Fewer Workers Being Counted Beneath those figures sits a more unsettled trend. Between June 2025 and June 2026, the share of Hispanic adults working or actively job-hunting slipped from 66.8% to roughly 66%, while the number of Latino adults entirely disconnected from the labor market grew to nearly 18 million — an increase of about 1 million from a year earlier, according to Federal Reserve economic data drawn from BLS household surveys. Economists tie part of that drop to stepped-up immigration enforcement, which has helped drag overall U.S. labor force participation down to its lowest level since 1977 outside of the pandemic, University of Colorado Boulder economist Chloe East explained on a recent Marketplace "Make Me Smart" episode. A related dynamic shows up in mixed-status households: peer-reviewed research published in the Journal of Population Economics found that when local immigration arrests spike unexpectedly, U.S.-born Hispanic teenagers living with noncitizen family members tend to work more hours and enter the labor force at higher rates — a version of the long-studied "added worker effect," in which one family member's earnings step in to offset income put at risk elsewhere in the household. Six Decades Later, an Open Question Sixty-one years after Filipino and Mexican-American strikers first walked off the Delano fields together, the underlying question for Latino workers hasn't fully changed: whether showing up for work also means being seen, protected and paid fairly for it. This Labor Day, that answer is still being written as much in monthly jobs reports as in union halls. © {{Year}} Latin Times. All rights reserved. Do not reproduce without permission.