Фумонизины стали наиболее распространенным микотоксином в кукурузе Латинской Америки

Исследование, проведенное в 2025 году, выявило, что фумонизины присутствовали в 68% образцов кукурузы, потребляемой животноводством в регионе. Ученые подтвердили эффективность метода ближнего инфракрасного спектрофотометрии для быстрого контроля безопасности зерна в странах Латинской Америки.

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IPSF: Mycotoxins in Latin America Fumonisins are the most prevalent corn mycotoxins in Latin America [Excerpts of a presentation given at the 2026 International Poultry Scientific Forum] Mycotoxin monitoring is essential in poultry nutrition, where the high use of corn demands rapid and reliable analytical methods to improve productivity and reduce economic losses. This study investigated the mycotoxicological contamination of corn marketed in different Latin American countries, predicted by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) from January 1st to October 31st, 2025. The study was carried out by Cristina T. Simoes and colleagues at the Federal University of Santa Maria, Brazil. The spectra were obtained from 19,258 corn samples consumed by the livestock industry: Argentina (n=547), Bolivia (n=35), Brazil (n=17,460), Colombia (n=43), Costa Rica (n=89), El Salvador (n=114), Ecuador (n=96), Mexico (n=153), Paraguay (n=348), and Peru (n=373). Concentrations of total fumonisins (FBs=FB1+FB2), aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEA), and ochratoxin A (OTA) were predicted by previously developed NIRS calibration curves based on partial least squares regression with cross-validation, using HPLC-MS/MS as the reference method. The correlation coefficients for FB1, FB2, AFB1, DON, ZEA, and OTA were, respectively, 0.88, 0.87, 0.81, 0.86, and 0.82. Quantification limits (in μg/kg) were 200 for FBs, 5 for AFB1, 250 for DON, 30 for ZEA, and 10 for OTA. Descriptive statistics were conducted using the software Statgraphics Centurion. Fumonisins were the most prevalent mycotoxins in Latin America, detected in 68% of corn samples, with an overall mean of 1,161±936 μg/kg. Results ranged from 100% in El Salvador (mean 3,264 μg/kg) to 63% in Paraguay (mean 707 μg/kg). Zearalenone had a 35% occurrence, with 25.6±19.3 μg/kg overall mean. Results ranged from 86% in El Salvador (mean 76.1 μg/kg) to 10% in Paraguay (mean 7.2 μg/kg). Deoxynivalenol was detected in 30% of samples, with an overall mean of 107±102 μg/kg. Argentina had the lowest mean (7.89 μg/kg) and occurrence (3%), while Colombia and El Salvador presented the highest results (100% and 96%, and 365 and 500 μg/kg, respectively). Aflatoxin B1 was the least prevalent mycotoxin (17%), with an overall mean of 1.63±1.10 μg/kg. It was not detected in Costa Rica and El Salvador, while it had the highest occurrence in Argentina (31%, mean 3.8 μg/kg). Ochratoxin A was only detected in seven samples from Brazil. Different results among countries highlight the need for rapid and reliable tools, such as near-infrared spectroscopy, to ensure corn safety for poultry nutrition.