Глобальное внедрение технологий GNSS: от мониторинга таяния льдов Гренландии до очистки минных полей

Ultra-low-noise amplifiers developed by European Engineering & Consultancy Ltd. (EECL) are now operating successfully in orbit on the European Space Agency’s HydroGNSS Earth observation mission, marking an early technical milestone for the satellite payloads. Russian electronic warfare from the Kola Peninsula has moved from fighter routes and air corridors into a very different domain: a 1,200-kilometer dogsled race across northern Norway. Partners in the European Space Agency (ESA)-funded HydroGNSS project, led by Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd (SSTL), will use GNSS reflectometry to provide measurements of key hydrological climate variables, including soil moisture, freeze–thaw state over permafrost, inundation and wetlands, and above-ground biomass. The ‘BIO.PNT’ project, funded by the European Space Agency (ESA), has developed a water quality monitoring system that combines biosensor and positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) technologies. The system enables the association of PNT data with detected organophosphate contamination in fresh water. Trimble has announced its expanded support for The HALO Trust, the world’s largest humanitarian landmine-clearance non-profit organization. Trimble is donating an additional 175 Trimble Catalyst GNSS systems, including Trimble DA2 GNSS receivers. In the summer of 2024, France’s Center for the Study of the Biosphere from Space (CESBIO), working in collaboration with the French Space Agency (CNES) and Toulouse-based geolocation specialists M3 Systems, launched an airborne data collection campaign leveraging GNSS reflectometry to estimate forest biomass and soil moisture. Researchers at the Technical University of Denmark (DTU) have developed a method to monitor daily ice loss in Greenland using data from 61 GPS stations installed on the bedrock around the island. This approach allows for precise tracking of ice melt, providing day-by-day data that enhances understanding of sudden changes in ice mass, especially during the summer. Researchers from Columbia University Climate School Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory have published a 4-part field report from ongoing field work in the Tea Region of Bangladesh. The team is using GNSS to measure tectonics, earthquake hazard, as well as land subsistence in the face of climate change and sea-level rise. This study identifies the feasibility of leveraging deep learning anomaly detection to identify event-driven traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs). A recent research article in the journal Earthquake Science (EQS) reports on a novel use of GNSS data in seismology research performed in northeastern Tibet, the planet’s highest altitude area (elevations exceed 4500m).