Английская церковь приняла биткоин в качестве пожертвований, однако эксперты предупреждают о высоких рисках

Earlier this summer, a church on England’s south coast made headlines, when it declared it was going to accept bitcoin as donations. Sean Theunissen, elder and operations lead at Claygate Church, based in Bournemouth, Southbourne and Poole, emphasised: “Bitcoin is not the gospel 2.0 – the church will never move away from its central message.” Bitcoin, explains the Cambridge Dictionary, is “a brand name for a type of cryptocurrency, a digital currency that is produced by a public network rather than any government, and uses special codes to keep it secret.” Its use has been increasing across the world. Mr Theunissen added, “The Bible is always speaking against injustice, corruption and dodgy scales. From what I can see, Bitcoin is not on a trajectory towards evil. It seems to be trying to get rid of some of the corruptions in traditional monetary systems.” The church, part of the New Frontiers network, believes that digital currencies may present opportunities for strengthening its international partnerships, and streamlining the church’s support for them. Mr Theunissen explained: “We’ve definitely had issues with intermediary banks getting in the way of things in the past. As Bitcoin grows, who knows, potentially it will help reduce delays in getting help where it’s needed most. We want to support projects going on in different places. It’s a relational thing, but there’s also money that goes alongside that.” Claygate Church may be among a small number of UK churches that are now accepting donations in cryptocurrency, but churches in the United States have been quicker to embrace the possible opportunities. Pushpay, an online church giving platform used by many US churches, offers stock and cryptocurrency giving among its services. An article posted on a US pastors’ blogsite earlier this year encouraged churches – with care – to embrace such giving. It advised, “for churches willing to do the work, the opportunity is substantial - not merely financially, but in terms of reaching a generation that has too often felt the church had nothing for them.” UK churches are, generally, approaching cryptocurrencies with more caution. Charity and tax regulations between the two countries are different, so no direct comparison can be made. Fundraisers and church treasurers I have spoken to have expressed scepticism about giving by cryptocurrencies taking off in the UK – certainly in the short-term. But a major UK online giving platform recently offered me the opportunity of donating in cryptocurrency, when I wanted to support a local schools charity. So what’s happening? A spokesperson for the Church of England told me that they were watching developments with interest: “Although our national systems do not currently support Bitcoin donations, our priority remains providing secure, compliant, and trusted giving solutions. “Any future consideration of cryptocurrency would need to align with regulatory requirements and available resources to implement well, but we remain interested in monitoring developments in this area.” Daniel Jones, Chief Purpose Officer of Stewardship, a UK-based giving platform that enables more than 30,000 donors to give £161m a year to over 12,000 churches, charities and Christian workers, gave me his organisation’s perspective. He explained, "Churches have always adapted to new technologies that help them engage people and resource ministry. Cryptocurrency may prove to be another of those developments - the real test for churches and charities considering accepting bitcoin donations is whether they can do so in a way that reflects good stewardship and helps steward resources faithfully and lawfully in service of God's mission. “For cryptocurrency, that means trustees and ministry leaders should think carefully about practical considerations such as valuation volatility, governance, regulation and donor demand, alongside the potential opportunities the technology presents. That also includes not falling into the trap or temptation of using it to circumvent systems and controls designed to protect them, their donors and their beneficiaries." Jones added, “At Stewardship, we're interested in technology that makes generosity easier and more joyful for those who give, and that helps churches and charities fulfil their mission. As with any innovation, churches should approach cryptocurrency with both curiosity and care.” The Charity Commission, which oversees UK charities including churches, published updated guidance in April 2023 to address the rise in cryptocurrencies. Sam Jackson, Assistant Director of Policy at the Commission explained, “As more and more charities move to operate online and newer technologies are developed, such as the use of cryptocurrencies, trustees will need to navigate risks that might not have been previously considered. We have updated our guidance to reflect the digital age we all live in and worked hard to ensure it is clear and simple to use.” The Charity Commission set out the ‘many risks’ of cryptocurrencies as: - the volatility of their value as this can change very quickly - potential fraud or theft by hackers - the lack of protection compared to traditional currencies or financial products – because cryptoassets are largely unregulated you are very unlikely to have access to the Financial Services Compensation Scheme (FSCS) or the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) if something goes wrong - that laws on cryptoassets vary between countries – cryptoassets are banned in some countries and other countries have complex regulatory requirements - difficulty in tracing donors because donations of cryptoassets can be made anonymously - their limited use as few retailers accept them as payment - the environmental impact of cryptoassets and blockchain technology – many of these use a lot of energy and you should check how this fits with any environmental, social and governance policy you may have. The Charity Commission advises that if, despite these risks, churches or charities opt to accept cryptocurrencies, then the trustees should adopt a policy on accepting, refusing and using cryptoassets, including how you make decisions about converting them to traditional currency. Other Charity Commission advice includes: - if receiving donations directly in its crypto wallet, ensure the platform you are using is compliant with UK regulations and registered with the FCA for anti-money laundering and counterterrorism as required - keep accurate records of donations, storage and usemake sure you follow HMRC’s guidance on the taxation of cryptoassets - remember that you cannot claim Gift Aid on any cryptoassets - review the benefits to your charity of accepting cryptocurrency versus the risk - regularly review your policies on them. In addition, the Code of Fundraising Practice – under which many charities operate – advises, “If you are considering accepting crypto donations, make sure you understand how to receive and store crypto, and how to convert it to legal tender. Before deciding to accept cryptocurrency donations, you should evaluate the risks and, if you need to, take specialist professional advice.” At present, from a UK perspective, the risks appear to far outweigh benefits, especially as most British churches have treasurers who are hard-pressed volunteers, combining the role with full-time jobs, or are in their retirement years. Regulatory and legal issues, concerns around the volatility of the cryptocurrency, the need to identify the giver when some donors may wish to remain anonymous, and the negative environmental impact of the resources used to create the cryptocurrencies will cause most churches to stay with more conventional means of fundraising. At least for the time being… Rev Peter Crumpler is a Church of England minister in St Albans, Herts and a former communications director with the CofE.