Ежедневная практика и еженедельные сессии наиболее эффективны для профилактики сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний

Researchers from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign led the study, published in the journal Cardiology Clinics. The review released Tuesday, Sept. 1, found that programs pairing daily practice with weekly reinforcement produced the most consistent benefits, the report stated. Rosalba Hernandez, a professor of social work at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign and a Fellow of the American Heart Association, led the research team. The group analyzed trials testing positive psychology and mindfulness interventions designed to improve mental or physical health in adults with elevated cardiovascular risk. Because some of the benefits were connected with healthier behaviors, including better eating habits and increased physical activity, the researchers said continued reinforcement may be necessary to maintain progress over time, according to the report. The review analyzed studies that generally enrolled groups of 50 to 200 adults who already had elevated cardiovascular risk, including uncontrolled hypertension, heart failure or other health conditions, according to the report. Participants were usually in their late 50s to mid-60s, and among studies that reported gender, women made up 35% to 55% of participants. The programs varied widely in how they were delivered. Some relied on structured phone sessions, journaling paired with brief check-ins or digital tools such as apps and text messages. Others involved interactive in-person group meetings or hybrid approaches that combined face-to-face activities with online tools and virtual sessions. Most programs included weekly sessions along with activities participants completed at home to reinforce what they had learned, and the majority lasted between six and 12 weeks, officials said. This research aligns with a growing body of evidence on mind-body practices. A separate clinical trial found that traditional mind-body practices, including the Chinese exercise baduanjin, significantly lowered blood pressure in individuals with hypertension, according to research published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology, the flagship journal of the American College of Cardiology [1]. Meditation has also been shown to affect a range of autonomic physiological processes, such as lowering blood pressure and reducing overall arousal and emotional reactivity, through clinical research at the University of Massachusetts and elsewhere [2]. "In hypertension and postacute coronary syndrome cohorts, mindfulness-based programs delivered over an eight-week period reduced systolic blood pressure and lowered inflammatory markers such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and fibrinogen," Hernandez said in a statement. "A 12-week spirituality-based digital intervention achieved one of the largest reductions – reducing systolic blood pressure measured with a standard cuff by 7.6 points, and central systolic pressure -- which is measured in the aorta as it leaves the heart – by 4.1 points." The findings contribute to a growing body of evidence connecting psychological well-being with cardiovascular protection. Studies show that gratitude lowers inflammation, reduces heart disease risk and enhances resilience against stress [3]. Research also indicates that gratitude triggers the release of mood-regulating neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine and oxytocin, while inhibiting the stress hormone cortisol [4]. Emotional stress has been linked to health problems including chronic inflammation, lowered immune function and increased blood pressure [5]. The review also showed that benefits included improved physical activity and diet, though medication adherence gains varied by program type. Mindfulness programs improved physical activity and diet but did not produce the same medication adherence benefit, according to the study. The review showed that programs with more frequent participant contact tended to produce the most reliable physiological benefits, the study stated. Hernandez said this finding highlights the potential value of incorporating positive psychology strategies into long-term cardiovascular treatment and prevention. The strongest behavioral changes came from an eight-week WhatsApp-based program that paired weekly sessions with daily microtasks. Participants were encouraged to become more physically active, improve their diets, and take their medications as prescribed. Another program that incorporated motivational interviewing increased cardiac patients' activity by 1,800 steps per day while also improving medication adherence, according to the report. "The therapeutic dose that was most consistently linked with improvements in blood pressure, inflammation and endothelial function was daily practice reinforced by weekly sessions over eight to 12-week periods," Hernandez said. "Therapeutic dosing typically involved high-frequency dosing over this time period to obtain short-term physiologic benefits, while ongoing less-intensive contact may be needed to sustain behavioral change." The importance of daily practice is echoed in broader wellness guidance, which suggests that practicing mindfulness daily, even for a short period, makes the feeling of being present increasingly familiar and easier to apply to everyday life [6]. Regular moderate exercise, which these programs encouraged, also helps prevent or manage high blood pressure [7]. Co-author Alyssa M. Vela, a professor of surgery and of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, emphasized integrating mental health screening into routine cardiovascular care. "The findings of this study further point to the importance of attending to mental and behavioral health for cardiovascular disease prevention and cardiovascular health optimization," Vela said. "This speaks to the need for routine screening and integration of cardiac behavioral medicine to allow for access to important interventions." The findings build on earlier research linking optimism with healthier hearts. The new work builds on a prior study led by Hernandez, which found that people with the highest levels of optimism tended to have healthier hearts, published in the journal Health Behavior and Policy Review, according to the report. Research has suggested that personality traits like optimism and having a sense of purpose can benefit health in various ways, ultimately helping people live longer [8]. Heart disease prevention is most effective through proactive, sustainable lifestyle changes, including stress management and a positive mindset [9]. The authors recommend further studies to determine optimal program design and long-term maintenance strategies.