Психологи объяснили причину «воскресного синдрома» и тревоги перед рабочим днем

Anticipatory anxiety occurs when a person experiences worry or physiological tension about a future event rather than something happening right now. Imagine someone sitting comfortably at home on Sunday evening. Their boss has not sent an angry email. No deadline has suddenly appeared. Yet they start thinking, “Tomorrow is going to be terrible.” The threat is psychological rather than immediate. Research on intolerance of uncertainty, a concept extensively studied by psychologist Michel Dugas and colleagues, suggests that difficulty tolerating uncertain future outcomes can contribute to worry and anxiety. More recent research continues to find a strong relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and anxiety-related processes. That means the brain may begin filling in Monday's unknowns before Monday actually arrives. This resembles principles from classical conditioning, associated with psychologist Ivan Pavlov. A neutral stimulus can become associated with an emotionally significant event through repeated pairing. For example, if Sunday evenings repeatedly precede stressful mornings, Sunday evening itself can eventually trigger tension. The person may therefore feel anxious before anything objectively stressful has happened. Psychological detachment means mentally switching off from work during non-work time. Sonnentag's stressor-detachment model proposes that stressful work demands can interfere with this recovery process. Research shows that poor detachment is associated with greater strain and poorer well-being. This becomes especially relevant on Sunday. A person might spend Saturday successfully avoiding work thoughts, only to start mentally rehearsing Monday on Sunday evening. The weekend has technically not ended, but psychologically, the workweek has already returned. Research involving full-time employees found that work-related social stressors were associated with poorer psychological detachment on Sunday evening and poorer sleep that night. This kind of thinking can create the illusion of preparation while actually keeping the nervous system psychologically engaged with work. Recent research by Sonnentag and colleagues found that when employees failed to detach from negative work events during leisure time, backward-oriented negative rumination was associated with more negative affect the following day. So the Sunday-night thought loop can become self-reinforcing: thinking about Monday creates anxiety, anxiety makes Monday feel more threatening, and that perceived threat produces even more thinking. Research on weekend recovery suggests that recovery experiences and activities during the weekend can help replenish psychological resources needed when employees return to work. The emotional shift can therefore feel surprisingly large. Someone may not hate their job at all. They may simply dislike the transition from autonomy back to obligation. The pattern matters. If anxiety repeatedly interferes with sleep, relationships, functioning or the ability to enjoy most of the weekend, it may be worth discussing with a qualified mental-health professional. Psychology suggests that this happens because humans constantly anticipate future demands. When work stress, uncertainty, poor psychological detachment and repetitive thinking combine, the mind can transform the end of the weekend into a warning signal. So if you suddenly feel anxious every Sunday evening even when nothing is wrong, it may not be because something bad is happening. Your brain may simply have learned to start preparing for what it expects to happen next. Sunday anxiety can be driven by anticipatory stress. Your brain may begin preparing for upcoming responsibilities before they actually occur, particularly if previous Mondays have been stressful. Can Sunday anxiety mean I am burned out? It can sometimes be associated with chronic work stress or poor recovery, but Sunday anxiety alone does not establish burnout. Persistent exhaustion, cynicism and impaired functioning are more important signs to consider. Imagine someone sitting comfortably at home on Sunday evening. Their boss has not sent an angry email. No deadline has suddenly appeared. Yet they start thinking, “Tomorrow is going to be terrible.” The threat is psychological rather than immediate. Research on intolerance of uncertainty, a concept extensively studied by psychologist Michel Dugas and colleagues, suggests that difficulty tolerating uncertain future outcomes can contribute to worry and anxiety. More recent research continues to find a strong relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and anxiety-related processes. That means the brain may begin filling in Monday's unknowns before Monday actually arrives. Psychology Says Sunday Can Become a Learned Anxiety Cue There is also a conditioning component. If a person repeatedly experiences stressful Mondays, their brain can begin associating certain Sunday cues with the approaching workweek. The clock, Sunday dinner, checking the calendar or even the sunset can become reminders that the weekend is almost over. This resembles principles from classical conditioning, associated with psychologist Ivan Pavlov. A neutral stimulus can become associated with an emotionally significant event through repeated pairing. For example, if Sunday evenings repeatedly precede stressful mornings, Sunday evening itself can eventually trigger tension. The person may therefore feel anxious before anything objectively stressful has happened. Psychology Says Work Stress Can Follow You Into Your Weekend One of the strongest explanations comes from psychologist Sabine Sonnentag's research on psychological detachment from work. Psychological detachment means mentally switching off from work during non-work time. Sonnentag's stressor-detachment model proposes that stressful work demands can interfere with this recovery process. Research shows that poor detachment is associated with greater strain and poorer well-being. This becomes especially relevant on Sunday. A person might spend Saturday successfully avoiding work thoughts, only to start mentally rehearsing Monday on Sunday evening. The weekend has technically not ended, but psychologically, the workweek has already returned. Research involving full-time employees found that work-related social stressors were associated with poorer psychological detachment on Sunday evening and poorer sleep that night. Psychology Says Sunday Anxiety Can Be Fueled by Rumination Another mechanism is rumination, or repetitive thinking about distressing experiences. A person might repeatedly replay Friday's difficult conversation with a manager, imagine how Monday's meeting will go or mentally calculate everything they need to finish. This kind of thinking can create the illusion of preparation while actually keeping the nervous system psychologically engaged with work. Recent research by Sonnentag and colleagues found that when employees failed to detach from negative work events during leisure time, backward-oriented negative rumination was associated with more negative affect the following day. So the Sunday-night thought loop can become self-reinforcing: thinking about Monday creates anxiety, anxiety makes Monday feel more threatening, and that perceived threat produces even more thinking. Psychology Says The Contrast Between Weekend Freedom and Monday Structure Matters Sunday can also produce a powerful role-transition effect. During the weekend, people generally have greater control over their time. They can sleep later, choose activities and decide when to respond to demands. Monday brings a return to externally structured responsibilities. Research on weekend recovery suggests that recovery experiences and activities during the weekend can help replenish psychological resources needed when employees return to work. The emotional shift can therefore feel surprisingly large. Someone may not hate their job at all. They may simply dislike the transition from autonomy back to obligation. Psychology Says Sunday Anxiety Does Not Always Mean You Hate Your Job The Sunday scaries are not automatically evidence of a bad workplace or an anxiety disorder. For some people, the feeling may reflect ordinary anticipatory stress. For others, persistent Sunday anxiety can reveal deeper problems such as chronic workload, poor work-life boundaries, burnout or a genuinely stressful workplace. The pattern matters. If anxiety repeatedly interferes with sleep, relationships, functioning or the ability to enjoy most of the weekend, it may be worth discussing with a qualified mental-health professional. Psychology Says Your Sunday Dread May Actually Be About the Future The strange thing about Sunday anxiety is that the feared event has not happened yet. You are sitting in Sunday evening, but your mind is already living in Monday morning. Psychology suggests that this happens because humans constantly anticipate future demands. When work stress, uncertainty, poor psychological detachment and repetitive thinking combine, the mind can transform the end of the weekend into a warning signal. So if you suddenly feel anxious every Sunday evening even when nothing is wrong, it may not be because something bad is happening. Your brain may simply have learned to start preparing for what it expects to happen next. FAQs Why do I feel anxious on Sunday even when nothing is wrong? Sunday anxiety can be driven by anticipatory stress. Your brain may begin preparing for upcoming responsibilities before they actually occur, particularly if previous Mondays have been stressful. Can Sunday anxiety mean I am burned out? It can sometimes be associated with chronic work stress or poor recovery, but Sunday anxiety alone does not establish burnout. Persistent exhaustion, cynicism and impaired functioning are more important signs to consider. (Catch all the US News, UK News, Canada News, International Breaking News Events, and Latest News Updates on The Economic Times.) Download The Economic Times News App to get Daily International News Updates. Read More News on (Catch all the US News, UK News, Canada News, International Breaking News Events, and Latest News Updates on The Economic Times.) Download The Economic Times News App to get Daily International News Updates.